Modals: can, must, have to
Dalam grammar Bahasa Inggris level A2, kata kerja modal seperti can, must, dan have to digunakan untuk menyatakan kemampuan, kewajiban, dan aturan. Masing-masing memiliki makna dan penggunaan yang berbeda tergantung konteks kalimat. Pola kalimat modal umumnya diikuti oleh verb bentuk dasar (base form).
Structure:
| Type | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| can (ability / permission) | S + can/can’t + base verb | She can speak English. |
| must (strong obligation) | S + must/must not + base verb | You must not smoke here. |
| have to (external obligation) | S + have/has to + base verb | We have to wear uniforms. |
Notes:
- Gunakan can untuk menyatakan kemampuan atau izin: I can play guitar / Can I go out?
- Must menunjukkan keharusan atau perintah kuat, sering berasal dari pembicara sendiri.
- Have to menunjukkan kewajiban yang berasal dari aturan luar (jadwal, hukum, sekolah, dll).
- Gunakan must not untuk larangan kuat: You must not park here.
- Gunakan don’t/doesn’t have to untuk menyatakan bahwa sesuatu tidak wajib: You don’t have to bring lunch.
- Setelah semua modal, gunakan bentuk dasar kata kerja (tanpa to): must study, can go, have to work.
Examples:
- I can swim very well.
- She can’t come to the party.
- You must wear a seatbelt.
- Students must not cheat during the exam.
- I have to work tomorrow.
- Do you have to wake up early?
- He doesn’t have to go to school today.