Present Perfect (I have finished)
Present Perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan yang terjadi di masa lalu tetapi masih relevan atau berdampak pada masa sekarang. Struktur ini juga digunakan untuk pengalaman hidup, perubahan, atau tindakan yang baru saja selesai.
Structure:
| Type | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| positive | S + have/has + V3 | They have finished the project. |
| negative | S + have/has + not + V3 | She has not seen the movie. |
| question | Have/Has + S + V3? | Have you been to London? |
Notes:
- Gunakan has untuk he, she, it; dan have untuk I, you, we, they.
- Gunakan bentuk ketiga kata kerja (past participle/V3): go → gone, eat → eaten.
- Present perfect digunakan untuk:
- - **Pengalaman**: I have been to Bali.
- - **Perubahan dari masa lalu hingga sekarang**: He has grown a lot.
- - **Tindakan yang baru selesai**: I have just arrived.
- - **Tindakan yang belum selesai dengan 'for' dan 'since'**: I have lived here since 2020.
- - **Situasi berulang**: We have visited them many times.
- Gunakan kata keterangan waktu seperti: just, already, yet, ever, never, for, since.
- Jangan gunakan present perfect dengan waktu spesifik: ❌ I have seen him yesterday → ✔ I saw him yesterday.
Examples:
- I have finished my homework.
- She has visited Japan three times.
- They have just arrived.
- He has lived here since 2010.
- We have never eaten sushi.
- Have you ever seen a whale?
- It hasn't rained all week.
- I have already done it.
- She hasn’t called me yet.