Reported Speech (basic) – She said she was tired
Reported speech digunakan untuk melaporkan apa yang seseorang katakan tanpa mengutip langsung. Dalam bentuk dasar, tense biasanya berubah satu tingkat ke masa lampau. Kata ganti dan kata waktu juga dapat berubah tergantung konteks.
Structure:
| Type | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| statement | Subject + said (that) + subject + past form | She said (that) she was tired. |
| pronoun and tense shift | I → he/she, we → they, am/is → was, are → were, can → could, have/has → had | "I am busy" → He said he was busy. |
Notes:
- Gunakan reported speech untuk menyampaikan ucapan orang lain tanpa mengutip langsung.
- Biasanya 'that' dapat digunakan atau dihilangkan: She said (that) she was happy.
- Tense biasanya bergeser satu langkah ke masa lampau: am → was, will → would, can → could.
- Pronoun dan kata waktu mungkin berubah: I → he/she, today → that day, now → then.
- Jika kalimat langsung menggunakan simple past, ubah menjadi past perfect: "I saw her" → He said he had seen her.
- Jika ucapannya masih benar saat ini, terkadang tense tidak berubah (khusus dalam spoken English informal).
Examples:
- She said, "I am tired." → She said she was tired.
- He said, "I want to go." → He said he wanted to go.
- They said, "We are coming." → They said they were coming.
- I said, "It is cold today." → I said it was cold that day.
- She said, "I can drive." → She said she could drive.
- He said, "I have finished." → He said he had finished.