Modals in the Past (should have gone)
Modals in the past digunakan untuk menyatakan opini, penyesalan, kesimpulan, atau kemungkinan di masa lalu. Bentuk umumnya adalah: modal + have + past participle (V3). Digunakan untuk berbicara tentang sesuatu yang tidak terjadi, tetapi seharusnya terjadi, atau mungkin saja terjadi.
Structure:
| Type | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| advice/regret | should (not) + have + V3 | I should have studied harder. |
| possibility | might/may/could + have + V3 | They might have missed the train. |
| certainty | must/can’t + have + V3 | She must have gone already. |
| hypothetical | would + have + V3 | He would have passed if he had tried. |
Notes:
- Should have + V3: menunjukkan penyesalan atau saran tentang masa lalu.
- Could have / might have / may have + V3: kemungkinan atau peluang yang tidak terjadi.
- Must have + V3: menyatakan keyakinan kuat bahwa sesuatu terjadi.
- Can’t have + V3: menyatakan keyakinan bahwa sesuatu tidak mungkin terjadi.
- Would have + V3: bagian dari conditional type 3, menyatakan hasil imajiner di masa lalu.
- Jangan gunakan bentuk seperti: *should have went* ❌ → gunakan *should have gone* ✔️.
- Modals diikuti oleh 'have' + past participle (V3), bukan bentuk past simple.
Examples:
- You should have gone to the doctor.
- He could have won the race, but he fell.
- They might have forgotten the meeting.
- I would have helped you if I had known.
- She must have left already.
- You shouldn’t have said that.
- He can’t have stolen it – he was with me.
- We may have taken the wrong bus.