Passive Voice (all tenses)
Passive voice digunakan ketika fokus kalimat adalah pada tindakan atau objek yang menerima tindakan, bukan pada pelakunya. Dalam kalimat pasif, kata kerja dibentuk dengan to be + past participle (V3). Passive voice digunakan dalam berbagai tenses dan sangat umum dalam teks formal atau laporan.
Structure:
| Type | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| present simple | am/is/are + V3 | The car is repaired every week. |
| past simple | was/were + V3 | The letter was sent yesterday. |
| present continuous | am/is/are + being + V3 | The house is being painted. |
| past continuous | was/were + being + V3 | The door was being repaired when I arrived. |
| present perfect | has/have + been + V3 | The report has been finished. |
| past perfect | had + been + V3 | The food had been cooked before dinner time. |
| future simple | will + be + V3 | The exam will be held next week. |
| modal verbs | modal (can, should, must, etc.) + be + V3 | This rule must be followed. |
Notes:
- Gunakan passive voice ketika tidak penting atau tidak diketahui siapa yang melakukan aksi.
- Kalimat pasif sering digunakan dalam tulisan formal, laporan, dan instruksi.
- Past participle (V3) dari kata kerja harus benar: write → written, take → taken, build → built.
- Bentuk aktif: The teacher teaches English. → Bentuk pasif: English is taught by the teacher.
- Tambahkan 'by + agent' hanya jika pelaku penting untuk diketahui.
- Tidak semua kalimat harus diubah menjadi pasif, terutama dalam percakapan informal.
- Passive voice juga dapat digunakan dengan gerund atau infinitive: I don’t like being ignored.
Examples:
- The book was written by a famous author.
- The house is cleaned every day.
- The emails are being sent now.
- The room has been booked.
- This project will be finished soon.
- The thief was caught by the police.
- The documents have been signed.
- The cake is being baked at the moment.
- The work had been completed before they arrived.