Phrasal Verbs (Complex Use)
Phrasal verbs adalah gabungan dari kata kerja (verb) + partikel (preposisi atau adverb) yang membentuk makna baru, seringkali idiomatik. Banyak phrasal verbs tidak bisa ditebak artinya dari masing-masing kata, sehingga harus dihafalkan sebagai satu kesatuan. Beberapa phrasal verbs bersifat transitive (memiliki objek), separable (bisa dipisah), atau inseparable.
Structure:
| Type | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| transitive (separable) | Verb + object + particle / Verb + particle + object | She turned down the offer / She turned it down. |
| intransitive | Verb + particle (no object) | The plane took off on time. |
| inseparable | Verb + particle + object (cannot be separated) | He ran into an old friend. (not: ran an old friend into) |
Notes:
- Phrasal verbs bisa memiliki arti literal (look up → melihat ke atas) atau idiomatik (look up → mencari di kamus).
- Beberapa phrasal verbs bisa dipisah jika objeknya berupa kata benda, tetapi tidak bisa dipisah jika objeknya berupa pronoun: I picked up the phone ✔ / I picked it up ✔ / I picked up it ❌.
- Banyak phrasal verbs memiliki sinonim formal: give up → quit, find out → discover.
- Pelajari phrasal verbs berdasarkan tema (work, travel, emotions, technology) agar lebih mudah dipahami.
- Banyak digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari dan dalam tes seperti TOEFL, IELTS, dan Cambridge exams.
Examples:
- He gave up smoking last year. (stop)
- We ran into our teacher at the mall. (meet by chance)
- She put off the meeting. (postpone)
- They made up after the argument. (reconcile)
- Could you pick up the kids after school? (collect)
- He looked after his little brother. (take care of)
- Let’s go over the report again. (review)
- I came across an old photo. (find by accident)
- He turned down the job offer. (reject)