Reported Speech (Advanced)

Reported Speech digunakan untuk menyampaikan ucapan orang lain tanpa mengutip langsung. Dalam bentuk lanjutan, kalimat tanya, perintah, permintaan, dan perubahan waktu/tenses diperhatikan. Struktur dan kata ganti berubah tergantung konteks.

Structure:

Type	Pattern	Example
statement	Subject + said/told + (that) + clause	He said (that) he was busy.
yes/no question	Subject + asked + if/whether + clause	She asked if I liked sushi.
wh-question	Subject + asked + wh-word + clause	He asked where I had been.
command	Subject + told/asked + object + to + verb	She told me to sit down.
negative command	Subject + told/asked + object + not to + verb	He told me not to be late.

Notes:

Umumnya tense bergeser ke bentuk lampau: present → past, present perfect → past perfect, will → would, can → could.
Untuk pertanyaan yes/no, gunakan if atau whether: 'Are you okay?' → She asked if I was okay.
Untuk pertanyaan wh- (what, where, when, why, how), gunakan urutan kalimat biasa (tidak pakai tanda tanya): He asked what I was doing.
Kalimat perintah berubah menjadi infinitive: 'Sit down!' → He told me to sit down.
Kalimat larangan menggunakan not to: 'Don't go!' → He told me not to go.
Kata waktu dan tempat juga sering berubah: today → that day, now → then, here → there, tomorrow → the next day.
‘Said’ tidak diikuti objek, ‘told’ selalu diikuti objek: He said he was tired. / He told me he was tired.

Examples:

"I am tired," she said. → She said she was tired.
"We will leave soon," they said. → They said they would leave soon.
"Did you see her?" he asked. → He asked if I had seen her.
"Where are you going?" she asked. → She asked where I was going.
"Don’t touch that!" he said. → He told me not to touch that.
"Please help me," she said. → She asked me to help her.
"I have done my homework," he said. → He said he had done his homework.
"She was watching TV," John said. → John said she had been watching TV.