Advanced Passive Structures (It is said that..., He is thought to...)
Advanced passive structures digunakan untuk menyampaikan informasi secara tidak langsung atau impersonal, sering ditemukan dalam tulisan akademik, jurnalistik, dan formal. Bentuk ini mencakup pola seperti 'It is said that...', 'He is believed to...', dan struktur pasif dengan infinitives atau reporting verbs.
Structure:
| Type | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| It + passive reporting verb + that-clause | It + is/was + said/believed/reported + that + clause | It is said that she speaks six languages. |
| Subject + passive verb + to-infinitive | Subject + is/was + said/believed/expected + to + verb | He is believed to own several companies. |
| Perfect infinitive passive | Subject + is/was + said/believed + to have + past participle | She is thought to have resigned yesterday. |
| Modal + be + past participle | Modal verb + be + past participle | The case must be reviewed by the committee. |
Notes:
- Struktur ini umum dalam teks formal seperti berita, laporan, dan akademik.
- 'It is said that...' digunakan untuk menyampaikan klaim atau opini umum secara impersonal.
- 'He is believed to...' menekankan pada subjek dan menyampaikan informasi secara tidak langsung.
- Gunakan 'to have + V3' untuk menyatakan tindakan yang terjadi di masa lalu.
- Struktur ini membantu menghindari menyebut pelaku secara langsung (agentless passive).
- Modal passives (can/must/should + be + V3) digunakan untuk menyatakan kewajiban, kemungkinan, atau saran dalam bentuk pasif.
- Konstruksi ini juga digunakan untuk menjaga objektivitas dalam penulisan formal.
Examples:
- It is believed that the Earth is warming.
- He is said to be a genius.
- The president is expected to announce new policies.
- She is thought to have left the country.
- It was reported that the company had collapsed.
- The criminals are known to have operated across Europe.
- It has been claimed that he lied in court.
- They are considered to be experts in the field.